The Solid part of the crust of the Earth is called Lithosphere, The matters which are helpful to formation of Earth crust is known as Rocks. We can also say that the Rocks are the sum of minerals. The density of Rocks which are found in the core parts of the Earth is the highest.
The Internal Structure of the Earth
The internal structure of the Earth is the conflicted matter because different scholar have different types of opinion on this matter, but they are all agreed that the Earth may be divided in many layer.
The Earth is divided in three layer---------- Crust, Mantle and Core.
Crust:- The outer part of the Earth is called Crust. The depth of Crust is 08 Km to 40 Km. The inner part of the Crust which separates the crust to Mantle is called Moho line. The Layer of Crust is called Sial due to huge presence of Silica and Aluminium. The average density of the crust is 2.7. There are many following elements which are found in the crust:-
Oxygen 46.5%
Silicon 27.8%
Aluminium 8%
Iron 5%
Calcium 3.6%
Mantle:- It is the lower layer of the Earth. Its depth is approx 2900 Km. It is in paste . It is also believed the lower part of the mantle is in liquid form. This layer is called SIMA due to presence of Silica and Magnesium. The average density of the Mantle is 5.68. The Guttenberg Line divides the mantle from core.
Core:- It is the internal part of the Earth. It is in liquid condition. This layer is also called NIFE due to presence of Nickel and Ferrous. The average temperature of core of the Earth is 2200° to 2750° C. The average density of the core is 17.2.
Classification of Rocks:-
There are three types of rocks.
1. Metamorphic Rock
2. Sedimentary Rock
3. Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rocks:- The formation of metamorphic rocks is due to the continuous changes in rocks in nature, so it is also called the Changed rocks. Due to more temperature and pressure, the Sedimentary and Igneous rocks changed into the metamorphic rocks. Thus, Metamorphic Rocks is the bond of the both igneous and Sedimentary rocks. The density and hardness of metamorphic rock is the highest in all types of rocks. Some example of Metamorphic Rocks are----- Marble, Quartz, Slate etc.
The changing process of rocks are two types:-
1. Due to more pressure
2. Due to more temperature.
The changing process of Rocks into Metamorphic from Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks.
Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
Granite Nice
Syenite Syenite Nice
Grab Serpentine
Basalt Sist
Coal Graphite
Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
Sand Stone Quartz
Lime Stone Marble
Sedimentary Rocks:-- The formation of sedimentary rocks is the process in which the Rocks are collected due to sediment such as River, wind etc. This is a layer rocks in which the minerals are found in huge quantity. The collection of minerals in sedimentary rocks is called lithification. Fossils are also found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks is more soft than the igneous rocks. Example of Sedimentary Rocks are------ Lime Stone, Sand Stone, Gypsum, Dolomite etc.
Igneous Rocks:- It is also called primary rocks. When the Magma became cold and hard then the igneous rocks comes into existence. Fossils are not found in this rocks. Igneous Rocks found both under and external parts of crust, so it is divided in two parts--------Internal igneous Rock and External Igneous rocks. Many time, Lava become hard under the crust due to more pressure, this types of rocks have more Silica and non availability of minerals. This types of lava is called Acidic Lava. Generally, Igneous Rocks are cristal. Some example of Igneous rocks are-------- Basalt, Grab, Dolerite, Granite etc.
Plate tectonics:- It is a modern system and theory to understand the distribution and classification of continent and Ocean. According to this theory, Lithosphere are divided into many parts. These plate are floating under the Lithosphere. This theory explains the phenomena of Earthquake, Volcano, formation of new mountain etc.
Lake:-- Lake is the part of internal land in which the water is present. Normally, lakes are stable. Lakes are developed in that area in which the rain and ice are present.
Volcano:- When the Magma become cold on the crust then it is called volcano. When magma comes on the crust then it is called Lava. Magma have more more Silica than Mineral. In other words , we can say that volcano is the hole in which the liquid shall and matters are flow on the crust from the core. The mouth of volcano is called cretre.
Earth Quake:- The vibration on the Earth due to many reason is known as Earthquake. The intensity of Earthquake is measure on Richter Scale. Seismograph is the equipment for which the intensity of the Earthquake is measure. The wave of Earthquake is normally three types:----- P waves, S waves and L waves.
P Waves:- It is the primary wave of Earthquake. The vibration of particle in P waves in the direction of Waves.
S- Waves:- It is called transverse wave.
L- Waves:- It is the third types of wave of Earthquake. L waves happens only on the Crust.
The important Rainfall of the World:-
Name Situated
Angel Venezuela
Niagara Rainfall USA and Canada
Gersoppa (Jog) India ( Sharavati River)
Browni Rainfall New Zealand
Victoria Rainfall Zimbabwe
Yosemite Rainfall USA
Olo Upena Rainfall USA
Tugela Rainfall South Africa
Bruce Rainfall Canada
Inga Rainfall Kango
Boyoma Rainfall Kango
Livingston Rainfall Kango
Angel rainfall is the highest rainfall of the world, while the Jog rainfall is the highest rainfall of India. The Inga rainfall is the most water capacity rainfall of the world.
Soil:- There are many types of soil in the world. Example Podojil, Laterite, Preyari, Black Soil, Desert Soil, Alluvial Soil, Hydromorphic Soil etc.
Podojil Soil:- This soil is found in North Europe, Asia and North America. Huge quantity of Humus are found in this soil. This soil is Unfertilized and acidic.The colour of this soil is Dhusar. Normally, Dhusar colour Podojil soil is found in the minimum rain area example Western Europe and Northern China. In tropical area, the colour of Podojil soil is Red-Yellow. Example Some parts of USA, Australia , New zealand etc.
Laterite Soil:- The laterite soil is found in Sub tropical region. The colour of this soil is Red. The laterite soil is found in some parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India.The Aluminium and Iron element are found in huge quantity in the soil of Tropical rainy forest and this types of soil is called Leto Soil.
Preyari Soil:- Preyari Soil is also called Brunizem Soil. The Preyari area of North America is the main area of this soil.
Black Soil:- This soil is found in Ukraine, USA, Russia and the Dakkan area in India. Black soil is called Reggar Mitti in India. Black Soil is very very important for the Cotton.
Desert Soil:- The colour of desert soil is brown. Humus is not found in this soil. This soil is acidic and unfertilized but presence of irrigation may be changed for agriculture.
Hydromorphic Soil:- This soil is found in the Western Europe and Tarai of Himalaya.
Alluvial Soil:- It is the important soil for agriculture. This soil is fertilized. The field of Indus-Ganga in India, Nil valley and Delta area is the main land of Alluvial Soil.
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