Study notes on the League of Nation

Objective

Twentieth Century is known as International Era of World. The thought of Internationality was arisen in this century. The European Country was not affected with the thought of Internationality in the first decade of Twentieth Century  and many European Country were fight together for many national issued matter, which is not well for the thought of Internationality.  The fight between the European Country for any reason was transferred into a big massacre in the form of First World War.  First World War was the curse for the Humanity.  A lot of wealth are destroyed and a large number of people were killed also in this war.  The People of all Country of World wanted to stop the War and established the peace in the World. finally, First World War was end in 1918 AD.  The American President Woodrow Wilson addressed the fourteen point programme in the Paris Peace Summit of 1919 AD. The last point of this Fourteen point programme was related to establishment of League of Nation and architect its constitution.  Woodrow Wilson was forced league of Nation as the part of Paris Summit of 1919.  MITRA RASTRA accepted the proposal of Wilson and included the League of Nation as a part of Paris Summit. According to Hazan,   Wilson wanted to establish a International Organisation for the purpose of International peace in paris summit. and the league of Nation could establish with the attempt of Wilson.

Introduction

The attempt of Peace Summit was not a new Concept.  peace Summit was established only in Europe in the Ninth Century due to Geographical condition but  it was speared in whole world with the Scientific innovation in the early twentieth Century. All Christian states of Europe was combined together in fourteenth century in the leadership of the king of France with the innovation of French Paper. The Paris Summit was began after the Crimea War  for the purpose of stop the such war in future. The Law of International was born in paris Summit.John Brit, John Stuart, Victor Hugo , Garibaldi and  Michel Vikyuntin established League of Peace in 1887 AD.  The purpose of League of Peace was to establish the United State System, Independence in European Society and architect of Judiciary System in Whole Europe.  Thus , we can say that the concept of Peace was attempted before the establishment of League of Nation.

Genesis
The platform of First World War was began from 1871 in Europe.  The establishment of Peace was attempted in the International Summit of the Heg in 1899 to reduce the hardness environment in Europe but it was not Successed. Finally, First World War started in 1914 AD. The result of First World War was the very bad for Humanity.  The First World War was end on 11 November 1918 with the Surrender of Germany.  The Emperor of Germany, Austria, Turkey and Russia was almost end after the First World War. Whole World wanted to establish the peace. And finally, the League of Nation was inaugurated by Powerful Countries for the establishment of peace in the World.

There was two main reason for the establishment of the league of Nation--------(i) the huge massacre in the first world war and (ii) Fourteenth point programme was addressed by American President Wilson to establish the peace in the world. The duration of First world war was 1565 days in which approx Six Crore Soldiers and people were participated from different countries of World.  The United State of America was participated in First world war in 1917 AD. The first world war was held in the Europe Continent.  The influence of First world war was few or nil on America because America was entered in first world war in the last year.  There was 50 Committee were formed in the paris summit of 1919 AD in which a committee was formed for the formation of International Organisation which president was Woodrow Wilson.  Finally, the League of Nation was established on 10 January 1920 AD.  Total 26 article was in the league of Nation's law. 32 Countries signatured on the League of Nation but three countries were denied in which America was one of them.

Organisation and Constitution

Constitution of League of Nation:- The architect of the Constitution of league of Nation was  through constitutional committee under the wilson.  The draft of Constitution of league of Nation was prepared by American President Woodrow Wilson but law draft was prepared by Britain. Total 26 Article was in the constitution of league of Nation which are included in the paris summit. The Tenth, Twelfth and sixteenth Article was very very important of the constitution of league of Nation.

Covenant:- The first 26 articles of the first part of Warsaw treaty was called Covenant. 

Membership:- The league of Nation was formed on 10 January 1920.   Only 20 Countries were the member of the league of Nation at the time of its formation.  The assurance of two- third member of the league of nation for the beginning of Assembly of league of nation. But, slowly slowly 62 countries became the member of the league of Nation. Any member of league of Nation might separate with  the information before two years.  Japan, Brazil, Germany and Costa Rica were separated with the league of Nation. Soviet Russia was expelled by the league of Nation in 1939 AD. United State of America and Saudi Arabia were never became the member of the league of Nation. 

There was following five main parts of the league of Nation:-
1. General Assembly
2. Council
3. Secretariat
4. International Court
5. International Labour Union

General Assembly:-  The headquarter of General Assembly of the league of Nation was in Geneva. All member of League of Nation might send the three member in the general Assembly but one member have only one vote.

Council:- It was one of the small committee of league of Nation. Initially, there was nine member in this council in which five member were fixed and four members were temporary. France, England, Italy, Japan and USA were proposed for the fixed member but America was not accepted the membership of the League of Nation. Then, the number of fixed member was four.  Initially, Brazil, Unan, Spain and Belgium were the temporary member of league of Nation. The number of temporary member of league of Nation was became six from Four in 1932 AD. Germany was became fifth fixed member of League of Nation in 1926 AD. Japan and Germany separated from the league of Nation in 1933 AD.  Soviet Russia became the member of the league of Nation in 1934 AD and Russia became a fixed member of league of nation same year.  Italy separated with the league of Nation in 1937 AD. Only Britain and France were the fixed member of the league of Nation at the time of beginning of Second Word war in 1939 AD.  

Secretariat:- The headquarter of Secretariat of the league of Nation was in Geneva. It was also called the General of Supreme jurisdiction.  

International Court:- International Court of league of Nation was formed as per fourteenth article of the league of nation at the purpose to solve the international conflict.  International Court was formed on 20 December 1920 AD in Heg. 

International Labour Union:- International Labour Union was formed as per thirteenth article of Warsaw treaty.  It was also a part of the league of Nation. America became a member of International Labour Union in 1934.  The number of member of international Labour Union was 60 in 1939 AD. Japan, Germany and Italy were the member of International labour union after the resigned the membership of the league of Nation. 

Successes and Failures

Successes:- The league of Nation wanted to establish peace in the world. Approx Sixty case were addressed in the league of nation during his whole period i.e 20 years. The league of Nation succeed on  35 cases out of 60. The important case are give below:-
1. Case of Iland (1921) :-  The Iland is the group of 300 small island in which Finland was possessed.  But the people of this island were swedish and they want to live with Sweden. Finally this matter was referred to the league of Nation.   The decision of League of Nation was in favour of  Finland. 

2. Hungry- Rumania Conflict (1923):-  The Hungry -Rumania conflict was related to Border line between both country and matter was referred to  the league of Nation. The League of Nation solved this problem successfully.

3. Mosul Problem 1925 AD:-  This problem was between Turkey and Iraq. Finally, this matter was referred to the league of Nation. The decision of league of Nation was in favour of Iraq .

Failure:-  The league of Nation solved the small or easy problem successfully but it was unable to solve big problems. There was many following problem which was not solved by the league of Nation Successfully.

1. Corfu Problem:-  This problem was between Italy and Unan. Italy captured on Corfu in 1923 AD. The matter was referred to league of Nation to solve. But, Italy announced that Italy was not bounded to accept the decision of league of Nation. Finally, the league of Nation solved the problem in favour of Italy and imposed the penalty Five Crore on Unan. This was one of the failure story of league of Nation.

2. Viyana Problem:-  Viyana was under Lithuania but  Poland captured it. England, Italy and France were accepted the Poland's Capture. However, the league of Nation solved the problem in favour of Lithuania but internal problem was began in the league of Nation.

Other Information
Soviet Russia captured Finland. Japan attacked on China in 1937 AD. Germany captured on Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 AD. Germany was decided to capture on Poland in September 1939 AD , then the Second World War was began and the League of Nation was abolished. 

Summary

1. The league of Nation was established on 10 January 1920 AD.
2. The American Woodrow Wilson addressed fourteen Point Programme in the Paris Summit in 1919 AD.
3. According to Hazan,   Wilson wanted to establish a International Organisation for the purpose of International peace in paris summit. and the league of Nation could establish with the attempt of Wilson.
4.  The Law of International was born in paris Summit.John Brit, John Stuart, Victor Hugo , Garibaldi and  Michel Vikyuntin established League of Peace in 1887 AD.
5. The platform of First World War was began from 1871 in Europe.
6. First World War started in 1914 AD
7. The first world war was end on 11 November 1918 with the Surrender of Germany.
8. The duration of First world war was 1565 days .
9. The United State of America was participated in First world war in 1917 AD. 
10. The first 26 articles of the first part of Warsaw treaty was called Covenant. 
11. Only 20 Countries were the member of the league of Nation at the time of its formation.
12. Soviet Russia was expelled by the league of Nation in 1939 AD.
13. United State of America and Saudi Arabia were never became the member of the league of Nation. 
14. The headquarter of General Assembly of the league of Nation was in Geneva
15.  Germany was became fifth fixed member of League of Nation in 1926 AD
16. Japan and Germany separated from the league of Nation in 1933 AD. 
17. Soviet Russia became the member of the league of Nation in 1934 AD and Russia became a fixed member of league of nation same year.
18. Italy separated with the league of Nation in 1937 AD. 
19. Only Britain and France were the fixed member of the league of Nation at the time of beginning of Second Word war in 1939 AD.   
20.  The headquarter of Secretariat of the league of Nation was in Geneva
21.  International Court was formed on 20 December 1920 AD in Heg. 
22. America became a member of International Labour Union in 1934.
23. Japan, Germany and Italy were the member of International labour union after the resigned the membership of the league of Nation.
24. Germany was decided to capture on Poland in September 1939 AD , then the Second World War was began and the League of Nation was abolished.